Markets
When do stock circuit breakers actually halt trading?
The thresholds are precise — 7, 13 and 20 percent on the S&P 500 against the prior close — and so are their limits.
Author
Naomi Bergman
Naomi Bergman covers the systems that move money, and the small design decisions inside them that quietly decide who gets served.
Articles by Naomi Bergman
Markets
How is market liquidity actually measured?
Spread, depth and price impact capture different parts of the same question, and each fails in its own way.
Finance News
December 2025 payrolls: a soft close to a soft year
The January 9, 2026 Employment Situation showed December payrolls up roughly 50,000 — the first print of a year the benchmark process would soon cut down…
Markets
Implied volatility is a price, realized volatility is a measurement
The two numbers answer different questions, and the measurable gap between them is a premium, not a forecast.